Conditional Statements in Python

Conditional statements allow a program to execute different blocks of code based on conditions. Python provides if, if-else, and if-elif-else statements to control the flow of execution.

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1. The if Statement

Executes a block of code if a condition is True.

Syntax:

if condition:
    # Code block executed if condition is True

Example:

x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")

Output:

x is greater than 5

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2. The if-else Statement

Executes one block of code if the condition is True, otherwise executes another block.

Syntax:

if condition:
    # Code block executed if condition is True
else:
    # Code block executed if condition is False

Example:

x = 7
if x % 2 == 0:
    print("Even number")
else:
    print("Odd number")

Output:

Odd number

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3. The if-elif-else Statement

Used to check multiple conditions.

Syntax:

if condition1:
    # Code block executed if condition1 is True
elif condition2:
    # Code block executed if condition2 is True
else:
    # Code block executed if all conditions are False

Example:

score = 85
if score >= 90:
    print("Grade: A")
elif score >= 80:
    print("Grade: B")
elif score >= 70:
    print("Grade: C")
else:
    print("Grade: F")

Output:

Grade: B

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4. Nested if Statements

An if statement inside another if statement.

Example:

x = 10
y = 5
if x > 5:
    if y > 2:
        print("Both conditions are True")

Output:

Both conditions are True

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5. Using Logical Operators in Conditions

Python supports logical operators to combine conditions:

• and: Returns True if both conditions are True
• or: Returns True if at least one condition is True
• not: Negates a condition

Example:

age = 25
income = 50000
if age > 18 and income > 30000:
    print("Eligible for loan")

Output:

Eligible for loan

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6. The pass Statement

The pass statement acts as a placeholder in an if statement where no code is needed.

Example:

x = 10
if x > 5:
    pass  # Placeholder for future code

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Summary

✅ if statements execute a block of code if a condition is True.
✅ if-else statements provide an alternative execution path.
✅ if-elif-else statements check multiple conditions.
✅ Nested if statements allow complex decision-making.
✅ Logical operators (and, or, not) help combine conditions.
✅ pass is used as a placeholder for future code.